Table 1 Associations (univariable analysis) between central corneal thickness systemic parameters in the Ural Eye and Medical Study.

From: Central corneal thickness and its associations in a Russian population. The Ural eye and Medical Study

Parameter

Interval

Standardized regression coefficient beta

Non- standardized regression coefficient B

95% confidence interval of B

P-Value

Age

1-year intervals

−0.09

−0.27

−0.35, −0.19

<0.001

Gender

Men / Women

−0.06

−3.72

−5.47, −1.97

<0.001

Region of habitation

Rural / Urban

0.14

9.47

7.72, 11.2

<0.001

Ethnicity

Any other ethnicity / Russian

0.12

10.1

7.91, 12.2

<0.001

Body height

1 cm

0.07

0.27

0.17, 0.37

<0.001

Body weight

kg

0.08

0.19

0.13, 0.25

<0.001

Body mass index

kg/m2

0.05

0.31

0.14, 0.49

<0.001

Waist circumference

cm

0.03

0.06

−0.001, 0.13

0.053

Hip circumference

cm

0.01

0.03

−0.04, 0.10

0.44

Waist/hip circumference ratio

Ratio

0.03

9.21

−0.39, 18.8

0.06

Socioeconomic Score

Score

0.09

2.00

1.43, 2.57

<0.001

Level of education

Illiteracy / Passing 5th Grade / 8th Grade / 10th Grade / 11th Grade / Graduates / Specialized Secondary Education / Post Graduates

0.10

2.36

1.76, 2.96

<0.001

Physical activity Score

Score

0.01

0.03

−0.09, 0.14

0.64

Smoking, currently

No / Yes

0.04

4.72

1.65, 6.89

0.001

Smoking, package years

Number

0.03

0.08

0.01, 0.15

0.03

Alcohol consumption, any

No / Yes

0.03

2.17

0.05, 4.29

0.045

In a week how many days do you eat fruits?

Number of days

0.01

0.09

−0.35, 0.53

0.67

In a week how many days do you eat vegetables?

Number of days

−0.01

−0.25

−0.86, 0.37

0.43

How much salt do you consume every day?

g

0.01

0.15

−0.24, 0.54

0.44

History of cardiovascular disorders including stroke

No / Yes

0.02

1.37

−0.68, 3.42

0.19

History of angina pectoris

No / Yes

0.01

1.11

−1.90, 4.13

0.47

History of asthma

No / Yes

0.01

2.73

−2.56, 8.03

0.31

History of arthritis

No / Yes

−0.02

−1.38

−3.32, 0.57

0.17

History of previous bone fractures

No / Yes

0.02

1.60

−0.38, 3.58

0.11

History of low back pain

No / Yes

0.02

1.34

−0.49, 3.17

0.15

History of thoracic spine pain

No / Yes

−0.004

0.32

−2.47, 1.82

0.77

History of neck pain

No / Yes

0.02

1.59

−0.41, 3.60

0.12

History of headache

No / Yes

−0.01

−0.91

−2.74, 0.91

0.33

History of cancer

No / Yes

0.01

2.47

−2.68, 7.62

0.35

History of dementia

No / Yes

−0.02

7.73

−19.0, 3.55

0.18

History of diarrhoea

No / Yes

−0.001

−0.35

−13.2, 12.5

0.96

History of iron-deficiency anaemia

No / Yes

0.01

1.29

−2.65, 5.23

0.52

History of low blood pressure and hospital admittance

No / Yes

0.01

1.97

−2.72, 6.67

0.41

History of osteoarthritis

No / Yes

0.00

0.04

−2.31, 2.40

0.97

History of skin disease

No / Yes

0.02

2.69

−1.37, 6.74

0.19

History of thyreopathy

No / Yes

0.004

0.41

−2.45, 3.26

0.78

History of tumbling

No / Yes

0.02

1.72

−0.51, 3.95

0.13

History of unconsciousness

No / Yes

0.03

3.20

0.04, 6.36

0.047

Age of the last menstrual bleeding

Years

0.02

0.15

−0.12, 0.42

0.28

Age of last regular menstrual bleeding

Years

0.03

0.17

−0.10, 0.45

0.22

History of menopause

No / Yes

−0.05

−4.52

−7.60, 1.45

0.004

History of diabetes mellitus

No / Yes

0.04

4.36

1.24, 7.49

0.006

Serum concentration of:

Alanine aminotransferase

IU/L

0.04

0.10

0.03, 0.18

0.005

Aspartate aminotransferase

IU/L

0.03

0.10

0.02, 0.18

0.01

Aspartate aminotransferase-to- Alanine aminotransferase ratio

Ratio

−0.003

−0.19

−1.97, 1.58

0.83

Bilirubin, total

µmol/L

0.04

0.11

0.04, 0.19

0.004

High-density lipoproteins

mmol/L

−0.01

−0.52

−1.54, 0.51

0.32

Low-density lipoproteins

mmol/L

−0.003

−0.10

−0.87, 0.67

0.80

Cholesterol

mmol/L

0.01

0.24

−0.28, 0.75

0.36

Triglycerides

mmol/L

0.03

1.17

−0.06, 2.39

0.06

Rheumatoid factor

IU/mL

−0.02

−0.60

−1.54, 0.34

0.21

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Mm/min

−0.6

−0.19

−0.27, −0.11

<0.001

Glucose

mmol/L

0,02

0.33

−0.19, 0.85

0.22

Urea

mmol/L

−0.04

−0.90

−1.49, −0.30

0.003

Creatinine

µmol/L

0.003

0.005

−0.03, 0.04

0.79

Haemoglobin

g/L

0.07

0.15

0.09, 0.21

<0.001

Erythrocyte count

106 cells / µL

0.06

5.52

3.24, 7.79

<0.001

Leucocyte count

109 cells / L

0.01

0.14

−0.47, 0.75

0.65

Rod-core granulocytes

% of leucocytes

−0.01

−0.17

−0.80, 0.47

0.61

Segment nuclear granulocyte

% of leucocytes

0.03

0.15

0.03, 0.27

0.01

Eosinophil granulocytes

% of leucocytes

−0.01

−0.39

−1.25, 0.47

0.37

Lymphocytes

% of leucocytes

−0.01

−0.06

−0.20, 0.08

0.40

Monocytes

% of leucocytes

−0.04

−0.51

−0.89, −0.13

0.009

Diabetes mellitus, prevalence

Yes/No

0.04

4.32

1.59, 7.04

0.002

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

30 mL/min/1.73 m²

0.05

0.09

0.04, 0.13

<0.001

Stage of chronic kidney disease

0–5

−0.04

−0.16

−0.28, −0.04

0.007

Anaemia

No / Yes

−0.04

−3.24

−5.29, −1.19

0.002

Blood pressure, systolic

mm Hg

0.01

0.01

−0.03, 0.05

0.69

Blood pressure, diastolic

mm Hg

0.02

0.08

−0.04, 0.19

0.18

Blood pressure, mean

mm Hg

0.02

0.05

−0.02, 0.12

0.15

Arterial hypertension

Yes/No

0.01

0.76

−0.98, 2.50

0.39

Arterial hypertension, stage

0–4

0.01

0.22

−0.62, 1–07

0.61

Ankle-brachial pressure index, right

 

0.002

0.43

−5.91, 6.77

0.89

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Yes/No

0.01

1.19

−2.42, 4.79

0.52

Hearing loss

Hearing loss score (0–44)

−0.05

−0.15

−0.23, −0.06

0.001

Depression Score

Depression score unit (range: −4 to +15)

−0.02

−0.13

−0.36, 0.10

0.27

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Score (range: −7 to 13)

−0.03

−0.23

−0.48, 0.01

0.06

Manual dynamometry, right hand

dekaNewton

0.09

0.26

0.18, 0.34

<0.001

Manual dynamometry, right hand

dekaNewton

0.09

0.27

−0.19, 0.35

<0.001

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