Table 2 Case reports and case series.

Dorronsoro et al. [62]

Argentina

1

female

15

Retina

Bilateral neuroretinitis

Disease onset

No

Parakh et al. [42]

India

1

female

9

Retina,

Uvea

Retinal vasculopathy uveitis

Disease onset

No

Jeon et al. [19]

Korea

1

female

13

Retina

Ischaemic vaso-occlusive retinopathy

Disease onset

No

Alhassan et al. [43]

USA

1

female

14

Retina

Bilateral retinal vasculitis, panuveitis

Disease onset

No

Lu et al. [78]

China

1

female

14

Retina

HCQ-induced retinopathy

7 years post-diagnosis

No

Deaner et al. [47]

USA

1

male

15

Retina

Vaso-occlusive retinopathy

1 year post-diagnosis

No

Huang et al. [54]

China

1

female

11

Retina

CRVO, CRAO

4 days post-diagnosis

No

Guleria et al. [51]

India

2

males

8 and 9

Retina

Retinal vasculopathy

Disease onset

Yes

(encephalopathy, one patient)

Firl et al. [45]

USA

1

female

12

Retina

Retinal vasculitis

Disease onset

No

Abbas et al. [44]

USA

1

female

9

Cornea

Bilateral interstitial keratitis

6 months post-diagnosis

No

Jari et al. [32]

Iran

1

female

13

Orbit

Racoon eyes

Disease onset

Yes

(hallucinations, aggressive behaviour)

Moreno Páramo et al. [56]

Mexico

1

male

14

Retina

CRAO & CRVO, vitreous haemorrhage

Disease onset

No

Hamill et al. [33]

USA

1

female

15

Orbit

Bilateral eyelid swelling

4 months post-diagnosis

Yes

(cerebral oedema)

Fischer et al. [52]

Brazil

1

female

14

Choroid, retina

Bilateral chorioretinopathy

6 months post-diagnosis

No

Lanewalla et al. [71]

Pakistan

1

female

14

CNS, Optic nerve

Abducens nerve palsy causing strabismus and bilateral papilledema

3 months post-diagnosis

Yes

(elevated ICP)

Georgakopoulos et al. [69]

Greece

1

female

14

Optic nerve

Bilateral Papilledema

Disease onset

Unclear

(suspected VI nerve palsy)

Wei et el. [67]

USA

1

female

16

Optic nerve

Bilateral optic neuritis

2 years post-diagnosis

Yes (MRI: white lesions in the optic tract)

Chan et al. [31]

USA

1

female

8

Optic nerve, retina, conjunctiva, eyelids

Bilateral disc oedema, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, follicular conjunctivitis, symblepharon formation

Unclear

Yes (noncommunicating hydrocephalus secondary to stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius)

Ahmadieh et al. [68]

Iran

1

female

11

Optic nerve

Optic neuritis

3 months post-diagnosis

Unclear

Hackett et al. [70]

USA

1

female

11

Retina, Optic nerve

Optic neuritis, retinal oedema

Unclear

Yes (lethargy)

Suri et al. [37]

India

3

females

9, 14, 11

Optic nerve

C1: Unilateral optic neuritis

C2: Unilateral Ischaemic optic neuropathy secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome.

Sub-capsular cataracts with changes of glaucoma

C3: Bilateral Optic neuritis

C1: Disease onset

C2: 6 years post-diagnosis

C3: Disease onset

Yes

(C1: optic neuritis,brisk deep tendon reflexes, headache

C2: optic neuritis, multifocal deep white matter lesions

C3: optic nerve hyperintensities on STIR, optic neuritis)

Almeida et al. [36]

Brazil

2

females

15 and 20

Retina, uvea, lens, eyelids

C1: Iridocyclitis and severe retinal vasculitis with haemorrhage, bilateral eyelid oedema, irregular pupil and cataract

C2:Bilateral retinal necrotizing vasculitis compatible with varicella zoster virus ocular infection

C1: 1-month post-diagnosis

C2: 13 years post-diagnosis

Yes

C1: acute confusional state

C2: peripheral polyneuropathy

Zhang et al. [46]

China

1

female

15

Retina

Bilateral Hemorrhagic Retinopathy with Roth Spots. Sudden, painless vision loss unilaterally

1-year post-diagnosis

No

Nguyen et al. [35]

USA

1

female

16

Orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, sclera, retina, macula, choroid

Periorbital oedema and erythema. Chemosis, conjunctival injection, diffuse scleritis, superficial punctate keratitis, flare, RPE detachment over the macula, retinal folds and elevation inferiorly, consistent with choroidal detachment

Disease onset

Not mentioned

Parchand et al. [58]

India

1

female

16

Rerina

Combined central retinal artery occlusion) and central retinal vein occlusion

6 months post-disease onset

Not mentioned

Graham et al. [38]

UK

1

female

16

Retina, conjunctiva

BRAO, deep retinal haemorrhage, subconjunctival haemorrhage

Disease onset

Yes (cerebral vasculitis and thrombosis)

Ho et al. [57]

Taiwan

1

female

16

Retina

Bilateral severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy

Disease onset

No

Palkar et al. [59]

India

1

female

15

Retina

Purtscher-like retinopathy

Disease onset

Not mentioned

Donnithorne et al. [55]

USA

2

females

13, 16

Retina

Retinal vasculitis and branch retinal artery occlusions

1-year and 1-month post-diagnosis

Not mentioned