Table 4 Cohort studies.
From: Ocular manifestations of Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a systematic review
Study | Study Location | JSLE Total (N) | Gender (male) | Age (years) | Follow-up duration (years) | Ocular JSLE (N) | Ocular JSLE (%) | Ocular Manifestations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lim et al. [75] | Malaysia | 141 | 17 | Median:10.8 (9 to 12) | 6.3 (range 3.6–9.0) | 42 | 29.7% | Ocular damage was the most common side effect (29%) and was predominantly corticosteroid related (93%). Cataract (29/42), Glaucoma (10/42) |
Tone et al. [28] | Canada | 34 | 4 with JSLE, 5 healthy | Mean: 15.4 (2.1) | Unclear | Unclear | 20.6% to 58.8% (depending on the ophthalmologic assessment test performed) | Dry eye disease |
Kahwage et al. [44] | Brazil | 852 | NA | ≤ 25 (current age at onset of uveitis 8–14) | 2 | 7 | 1% | Uveitis (7/852, 0.8%). Cataract and irreversible blindness (1/852) Retinal ischaemia with neovascularization and unilateral blindness (1/852) |
Koutsonikoli et al. [72] | Greece | 47 | 8 | Mean: 12.5 (3.1) | Unclear | 7 | 14% | Ocular tissues were the most frequently affected. Cataract (4 patients) - Retinopathy (1 patient) - Optic atrophy (1 patient) - Cataract & Retinopathy (1 patient) |
Fraga et al. [13] | Brazil | 117 | 17 | Mean: 10.4 (NA) | 5.4 | 24 | 20.5% | Abnormal fundoscopy associated with systemic hypertension and/or use of chloroquine (16/117), Cataract (4/117), Glaucoma (2/117), Cataract & Glaucoma (2/117) |
Salah et al. [73] | Egypt | 148 | 45 | Mean: 17.1 (3.8) | 6.57 ± 3.59 | 9 | 6.1% | Cataract: 3,4% Retinal change or optic atrophy: 2,7% |
Chan et al. [76] | Taiwan | 904 | 130 | ΝΑ | 5 | 79 | 10.7% | Cataracts and glaucoma |
Ravelli et al. [74] | Europe, US, Mexico, and Japan (multi-centre) | 387 | 57 | Mean: 17.1 (5.4) | 5 ( ± 3.6) | 42 | 10.9% | Any cataract 7.5% Retinal change or optic atrophy 4.4% |
Taddio et al. [61] | Italy and US | 100 | 21 | Mean: 12.7 (3.1) | 5.3 ( ± 2.3) | 2 | 5% | Retinal vasculitis |
