Table 1 Basic characteristics of included studies in the meta-analysis.
From: Axial length as a predictor of myopic macular degeneration: a meta-analysis and clinical study
Country | Study | Year | Sample size | Age (years) | Sex | AL (mm) | BCVA/VA | SE (D) | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | Wang et al. | 2012 | 57 eyes 29 patients | C1: 35.5 ± 10.20 C2: 41.21 ± 11.32 | / | C1: 27.55 ± 0.94 C2: 29.54 ± 1.63 | C1: 0.02 ± 0.03 C2: 0.42 ± 0.42 | C1: −11.93 ± 2.24 C2: −15.44 ± 4.23 | High |
Yan et al. | 2018 | 2695 patients | 2001: 54.6 ± 9.8 | / | C1: 26.26 ± 1.61 C2: 27.68 ± 2.26 C3: 29.90 ± 0.59 C4: 29.0 | C1: 0.16 ± 0.25 C2: 0.50 ± 0.47 C3: 0.91 ± 0.79 C4: 2.0 | C1: −8.48 ± 2.73 C2: −11.42 ± 4.12 C3: −14.65 ± 5.08 C4: −16.25 | High | |
Zhou et al. | 2018 | 115 eyes 67 patients | C0: 37.2 ± 9.9 C1: 34.3 ± 10.5 | / | C0: 26.12 ± 0.74 C1: 27.04 ± 0.71 | / | C0: −7.882 ± 1.017 C1: −8.813 ± 1.647 | High | |
Xiao et al. | 2018 | 884 eyes and patients | C0: 15.8 (13.2, 21.6) C1: 23.5 (17.2, 33.9) C2: 26.4 (16.9, 40.4) C3: 34.0 (27.4, 47.7) C4: 48.3, 54.7 | C0: 237 men, 267 women C1: 81 men, 96 women C2: 85 men, 93 women C3: 7 men, 16 women C4: 0 men, 2 women | C0: 26.8 (26.1, 27.5) C1: 27.5 (26.7, 28.4) C2: 29.0 (28.0, 30.3) C3: 30.4 (29.1, 31.3) C4: 31.2, 27.7 | / | C0: −8.13 (−9.25, −7.25) C1: −9.25 (−12.19, −8.00) C2: −13.13 (−16.50, −10.25) C3: −18.25 (−20.50, −16.13) C4: −20.88, −9.75 | High | |
Liu et al. | 2020 | 857 eyes | 22.2 ± 12.1 | 402 men, 455 women | C0,C1: 27.0 ± 1.1 C2: 29.1 ± 1.8 | C0,C1: 0.06 ± 0.15 C2: 0.26 ± 0.25 | C0,C1: −8.9 ± 2.2 C2: −13.7 ± 4.3 | High | |
Zhao et al. | 2020 | 1841 eyes 1132 patients | C0: 32.60 ± 18.10 C1: 43.29 ± 14.86 C2: 47.60 ± 14.75 C3: 54.64 ± 12.14 C4: 60.49 ± 12.44 | C0: 20 men, 38 women C1: 273 men, 506 women C2: 194 men, 330 women C3: 94 men, 258 women C4: 43 men, 85 women | C0: 27.78 ± 1.48 C1: 28.99 ± 1.73 C2: 30.12 ± 2.05 C3: 30.90 ± 2.24 C4: 30.90 ± 2.01 | C0: 0.17 ± 0.33 C1: 0.33 ± 0.45 C2: 0.63 ± 0.52 C3: 0.87 ± 0.66 C4: 1.39 ± 0.76 | C0: −9.38 ± 3.11 C1: −11.86 ± 4.89 C2: −16.20 ± 5.42 C3: −17.04 ± 6.20 C4: −17.00 ± 5.72 | High | |
He et al. | 2021 | 134 eyes 79 patients | 12.32 ± 3.14 | 37 men, 42 women | C0: 26.48 ± 0.91 C1: 27.09 ± 0.97 C2: 28.02 ± 1.31 | / | C0: −9.06 ± 1.58 C1: −9.50 ± 1.67 C2: −10.51 ± 2.76 | High | |
Wang et al. | 2023 | 8330 patients | 51.6 ± 13.8 | 5477 men, 2853 women | C0,C1: 23.67 ± 1.15 C2,C3,C4: 27.41 ± 1.12 | / | / | High | |
India | Jonas et al. | 2017 | 8846 eyes 4561 patients | C0,C1: 48.5 ± 12.8 C2,C3,C4: 52.8 ± 10.7 | 2114 men, 2447 women | C0,C1: 22.6 ± 0.8 C2,C3,C4: 29.0 ± 2.4 | C0,C1: 0.11 ± 0.27 C2,C3,C4: 1.38 ± 0.90 | C0,C1: −0.05 ± 1.59 C2,C3,C4: −10.6 ± 8.2 | High |
Japan | Hashimoto et al. | 2019 | 2790 patients | Men: 63 ± 12 Women: 63 ± 13 | 1217 men, 1573 women | C2: 26.1 (25.0 to 26.6) (men), 24.8 (24.2 to 25.7) (women) C3: 27.2 (25.3 to 28.7) (men), 26.6 (24.9 to 27.8) (women) C4: 27.5 (24.0 to 31.5) (men), 27.9 (26.5 to 29.3) (women) | / | C2: −3.75 (−6.13 to −2.38) (men), −3.69 (−9.00 to −1.69) (women) C3: −6.25 (−8.94 to −2.69) (men), −6.38 (−8.75 to −5.13) (women) C4: −7.56 (−16.88 to 1.75) (men), −8.8 (women) | High |
Ueda et al. | 2020 | 2164 patients | 62.4 ± 10.9 | 920 men, 1244 women | C2: 25.6 ± 1.0 C3: 26.9 ± 1.5 C4: 26.0 ± 1.3 | / | C2: −2.1 ± 0.9 C3: −8.0 ± 4.2 C4: −4.3 ± 3.8 | High | |
Fang et al. | 2017 | 521 eyes | 47.7 ± 14.2 | / | C2: 29.2 ± 1.7 C3: 30.2 ± 1.9 C4: 29.7 ± 1.8 | C2: 0.31 ± 0.40 C3: 0.46 ± 0.42 C4: 0.99 ± 0.43 | / | High | |
Du et al. | 2021 | 3646 eyes 1877 patients | 62.10 ± 12.92 | 520 men, 1357 women | C0, C1: 28.52 ± 1.72 (men), 28.05 ± 1.88 (women) C2: 30.22 ± 1.85 (men), 29.39 ± 2.07 (women) C3: 31.37 ± 1.96 (men), 30.73 ± 2.06 (women) C4: 30.59 ± 2.05 (men), 29.91 ± 2.06 (women) | / | / | High | |
Fang et al. | 2019 | 1487 eyes 884 patients | 58.4 ± 16.3 | 241 men, 643 women | C0: 27.47 ± 0.89 C1: 28.51 ± 1.43 C2-PDCA: 29.33 ± 1.67 C2-MDCA: 30.55 ± 1.75 C3: 30.97 ± 2.04 C4-CNV-MA: 30.14 ± 1.91 C4-Patchy-MA: 31.73 ± 4.01 | C0: −0.024 ± 0.195 C1: 0.015 ± 0.219 C2-PDCA: 0.061 ± 0.231 C2-MDCA: 0.128 ± 0.261 C3: 0.272 ± 0.403 C4-CNV-MA: 0.971 ± 0.42 C4-Patchy-MA: 0.557 ± 0.431 | C0: −10.6 ± 2.8 C1: −11.4 ± 2.7 C2-PDCA: −12.9 ± 3.8 C2-MDCA: −15.2 ± 3.7 C3: −15.1 ± 4.8 C4-CNV-MA: −12.6 ± 4.4 C4-Patchy-MA: −11.1 ± 2.3 | High | |
Hayashi et al. | 2010 | 806 eyes 429 patients | 41.1 ± 16.7 | 147 men, 282 women | C1: 27.4 ± 1.2 C2: 29.5 ± 1.7 C3: 30.1 ± 2.0 C4: 30.4 ± 2.3 | C1: 0.00 ± 0.15 C2: 0.23 ± 0.38 C3: 0.30 ± 0.37 C4: 1.27 ± 0.43 | C1: −10.3 ± 3.1 C2: −15.2 ± 4.7 C3: −16.4 ± 5.6 C4: −17.6 ± 7.1 | High | |
Netherlands | Haarman et al. | 2021 | 626 patients | 51.4 ± 15.1 | 239 men, 387 women | C2: 28.7 (28.4 to 29.1) C3: 29.6 (28.2 to 31.0) C4: 30.5 (29.5 to 31.5) | C2: 0.70 (0.64 to 0.76) C3: 0.55 (0.33 to 0.77) C4: 0.23 (0.13 to 0.34) | −9.9 ± 3.2 | High |
Russia | Bikbov et al. | 2020 | 5794 patients | 58.9 ± 10.7 | 2517 men, 3277 women | C0,C1: 23.3 ± 1.0 C2: 26.3 ± 1.8 C3: 27.3 ± 2.1 C4: 27.9 ± 2.3 | / | C0,C1: 0.37 ± 2.10 C2: −6.1 ± 5.0 C3: −14.9 ± 6.5 C4: −9.8 ± 5.7 | High |
Singapore | Wong et al. | 2019 | 42 eyes 29 patients | 59.2 ± 11.0 | 11 men, 31 women (eyes) | C1: 27.35 ± 1.06 C2: 29.49 ± 1.53 C3: 30.06 ± 2.07 | C1: 0.17 ± 0.10 C2: 0.27 ± 0.19 C3: 0.34 ± 0.13 | C1: −8.24 ± 1.62 C2: −13.38 ± 5.72 C3: −9.88 ± 3.71 | High |
Sim et al. | 2020 | 16 patients | 51.1 ± 3.0 | 4 men, 12 women | C1: 28.51 ± 1.73 C3,C4: 31.50 ± 1.87 | C1: 0.36 ± 0.29 C3,C4: 0.39 ± 0.36 | / | High | |
USA | Li et al. | 2022 | 67 eyes 58 patients | C0: 55.6 ± 23.3 C2: 65.7 ± 12.8 | 22 men, 36 women | C0: 23.87 ± 1.04 C2: 29.67 ± 2.04 | C0: 0.00 ± 0.03 C2: 0.08 ± 0.11 | / | High |
