This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 18 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $14.39 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Data availability
No datasets were generated or analysed for this image submission. All relevant clinical information presented is contained within the article. Additional de-identified imaging used in the preparation of this report is available from the corresponding author upon request.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) requirements for authorship. FFS: writing—original draft preparation, analysis and interpretation of data. AFS: writing—reviewing and editing, validation, acquisition of clinical imaging. ABS: supervision, conceptualization, writing- reviewing and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shakarchi, F.F., Shakarchi, A.F. & Sallam, A.B. Punctate Inner Retinal Toxoplasmosis (PIRT): Multimodal Imaging. Eye (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04223-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Version of record:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04223-0