Table 2 Effect of atopy on keratoconus.

From: Influence of inflammatory and metabolic factors on keratoconus risk: a causal inference analysis

Exposure

Method

Ln(OR)

SE

P-value

Eosinophil count [18]

Simple median

0.455

0.117

1.03E−04

Eosinophil count

IVW

0.353

0.084

2.49E−05

Eosinophil count

MR-Egger

0.218

0.164

1.85E−01

Eosinophil count

(intercept)

0.005

0.005

3.40E-01

Adult-onset asthma [11]

Simple median

0.013

0.125

0.919

Adult-onset asthma

IVW

0.014

0.112

0.897

Adult-onset asthma

MR-Egger

−0.100

0.375

0.790

Adult-onset asthma

(intercept)

0.009

0.030

0.750

All allergic/atopic diseases combined [11]

Simple median

0.633

0.122

2.12E−07

All allergic/atopic diseases combined

IVW

0.610

0.096

1.85E−10

All allergic/atopic diseases combined

MR-Egger

0.401

0.261

0.12

All allergic/atopic diseases combined

(intercept)

0.011

0.013

0.39

Childhood asthma [11]

Simple median

0.050

0.055

0.362

Childhood asthma

IVW

0.042

0.045

0.353

Childhood asthma

MR-Egger

−0.053

0.107

0.621

Childhood asthma

(intercept)

0.013

0.013

0.331

Non-asthma allergic disease [11]

Simple median

0.476

0.093

3.04E−07

Non-asthma allergic disease

IVW

0.518

0.077

1.41E−11

Non-asthma allergic disease

MR-Egger

0.584

0.192

0.0024

Non-asthma allergic disease

(intercept)

−0.004

0.011

0.71

Asthma [12]

Simple median

0.312

0.118

0.008

Asthma

IVW

0.263

0.091

0.004

Asthma

MR-Egger

−0.169

0.303

0.577

Asthma

(intercept)

0.053

0.035

0.137

  1. The instruments and their effect size estimates were derived from the publications cited in the table. Ln(OR) refers to changes in keratoconus, SE the standard error of the estimate, P-value are the probabilities estimated from the different models.
  2. Different definitions of atopic disease used in each of the original GWAS from which the instruments were selected.