Table 2 Phylogenetic multilevel regression analyses of the full and parasitic datasets conducted using brms and lmekin algorithms.

Full (Platyhelminthes)				Parasitic (Neodermata)				free-living	(turbellaria)
		BRMS	lmekin			BRMS	lmekin			BRMS	lmekin
Dep V	Covariable	R²	aR²	Dep V	Covariable	R²	aR²	Dep V	Covariable	R²	aR²
brl	life history	0.905	0.962*	brl	thermic	0.007	0.002	brl	thermic
	GORR	0.576	0.616*		GORR	0.300	0.322*		GORR	0.145	0.142*
	GC	0.225	0.249*		GC	0.052	0.051*		GC	0.366	0.409*
	longevity	0.007	0.003		longevity	0.008	0.003		longevity	0.122	0.111
	ω	0.023	0.020*		ω	0.041	0.038*		ω	0.448	0.498*
	dN	0.063	0.063*		dN	0.064	0.063*		dN	0.315	0.347*
	dS	0.082	0.084*		dS	0.009	0.004		dS	0.035	<0.01
	mit size	0.089	0.092*		mit size	0.071	0.073*		mit size	0.111	0.097
GORR	mit size	0.223	0.237*	GORR¹	mit size	0.202	0.253*	GORR¹	mit size	0.043	0.010
	brl	0.576	0.616*		brl	0.301	0.322*		brl	0.143	0.142*
	longevity	0.007	0.002		longevity	0.017	0.013		longevity	0.217	0.226*
	life history	0.784	0.835*		thermic	0.088	0.092*		N/A
	GC	0.143	0.160*		GC	0.008	0.002		GC	0.042	0.005
	ω	0.008	0.004		ω	0.006	0.000		ω	0.288	0.316*
mit size	GORR	0.222	0.237*	mit size	GORR	0.204	0.215*	mit size	GORR	0.041	0.254
	brl	0.089	0.100*		brl	0.073	0.073*		brl	0.109	0.205
	longevity	0.008	0.002		longevity	0.032	0.028*		longevity	0.218	0.376*
	life history	0.163	0.176*		thermic	0.029	0.025		N/A
	GC	0.017	0.013		GC	0.007	0.001		GC	0.039	0.237
GC	life history	0.474	0.507*	GC	thermic	0.440	0.471*	GC	N/A
	brl	0.226	0.275*		brl	0.051	0.055*		brl	0.366	0.427*
	GORR	0.141	0.176*		GORR	0.008	0.002		GORR	0.043	0.074
	longevity	0.125	0.130*		longevity	0.228	0.244*		longevity	0.044	0.055

The full (Platyhelminthes) dataset comprised all available flatworm species, divided by life history into parasitic and non-parasitic. The parasitic dataset comprised only Neodermata, with species categorised into endotherms and ectotherms according to the definitive host type (thermic). Subdatasets were also used for the following analyses: GORR (gene order rearrangement rate) - only mitogenomes with all 36 genes; and mit size (mitogenome size) - only “circular” mitogenomes. Dep V is the dependent variable, and R² is the proportion of the Dep V variability explained by the covariable, where aR² is the adjusted R² value produced by lmekin. brl is branch length, and ω = dN/dS. Full data are available in Supplementary file S2: Dataset S3. In lmekin results, the * symbol indicates that the impact of covariable on the dependent variable was statistically significant (<0.05).

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