Table 1 Clinical characteristics by presence of severe small artery intimal thickening

From: A high normal ankle-brachial index is associated with biopsy-proven severe renal small artery intimal thickening and impaired renal function in chronic kidney disease

Variables

Total (n = 122)

mild SA-IT index (Q1–Q3, n = 86)

severe SA-IT index (Q4, n = 36)

P value

Age (year)

47 (36–61)

41 (29–55)

62 (57–67)

<0.001

Men (%)

65 (47)

47 (55)

18 (50)

0.64

BMI (kg/m2)

24 (21–26)

23 (21–26)

24 (22–27)

0.150

SBP (mmHg)

124 (112–135)

122 (110–133)

130 (117–143)

0.016

DBP (mmHg)

76 (66–82)

74 (68–83)

77 (65–82)

0.89

MAP (mmHg)

97 (87–107)

95 (86–104)

101 (97–110)

0.002

PP (mmHg)

48 (42–58)

48 (40–55)

54 (46–74)

0.003

Current smoking (%)

20 (16)

15 (17)

5 (14)

0.63

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

62 (45–88)

71 (49–97)

54 (38–67)

0.004

Proteinuria (g/g Cr)

0.9 (0.4–2.5)

0.8 (0.4–2.2)

1.0 (0.5–3.0)

0.39

HbA1c (%)

5.5 (5.3–5.8)

5.4 (5.1–5.7)

5.8 (5.5–6.3)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.1 (4.3–6.4)

5.1 (4.3–6.3)

5.4 (4.9–6.6)

0.171

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.6 (1.1–2.5)

1.6 (1.0–2.4)

1.7 (1.3–3.1)

0.23

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

0.38

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.9 (2.2–3.6)

2.7 (2.1–3.6)

3.1 (2.6–3.7)

0.173

Hypertension (%)

71 (58)

44 (51)

27 (75)

0.015

Diabetes mellitus (%)

12 (9)

5 (6)

7 (19)

0.021

Dyslipidemia (%)

82 (67)

54 (63)

28 (78)

0.108

baPWV (m/s)

13.7 (12.2–15.8)

12.9 (11.5–15.2)

15.3 (13.7–17.3)

<0.001

ABI

1.16 (1.09–1.22)

1.15 (1.09–1.21)

1.20 (1.11–1.25)

0.011

SA-IT index

1.2 (0.5–2.0)

1.0 (0.3–1.3)

2.2 (2.0–2.7)

<0.001

Antihypertensive agents (%)

66 (54)

42 (49)

24 (67)

0.072

RAAS-I (%)

58 (48)

37 (43)

21 (58)

0.123

Statins (%)

9 (7)

5 (6)

4 (11)

0.31

Hypoglycemic agents (%)

9 (7)

5 (6)

4 (11)

0.31

Oral corticosteroids (%)

14 (11)

11 (13)

3 (8)

0.48

Calcineurin inhibitors (%)

7 (6)

5 (6)

2 (6)

0.96

  1. Data are presented as median with interquartile range or number (%)
  2. ABI ankle-brachial index, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, MAP mean arterial pressure, PP pulse pressure, Q1 first quartile group, Q3 third quartile, Q4 fourth quartile, RAAS-I renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor, SA-IT small artery intimal thickening, SBP systolic blood pressure
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