Fig. 2

Magnetic properties of Ce₃Mn₈ and perovskites. a Four known spin-ordering configurations in a perovskite unit cell. b Experimental χ _M T vs T plot for Ce₃Mn₈ in a 1 kG applied dc field (+), with the small contributions from the two external Ce^III ions subtracted. Solid and dashed lines are theoretical results from a multi-spin Heisenberg model using either exchange coupling J’s and anisotropy term D from fits to the experimental data (solid line) or calculated from first-principles DFT (dashed line). c The multi-spin Heisenberg model showing the magnetic exchange coupling paths labeled as J ₁ to J ₄; colored lines indicate symmetry-equivalent sets. Other possible paths (unlabeled) correspond to exchange coupling strengths at least an order of magnitude smaller than the ones labeled in the figure