Fig. 4: Interhemispheric facilitation during recovery.

A–F The average normalized time-frequencygram of brain activity at the ipsilesional PMd (Ch 10) before (left) and after (middle) DCZ administration in the intact state (A for Monkey A and D for Monkey H), early recovery stage (B for Monkey A and E for Monkey H), and the late recovery stage (C for Monkey A and F for Monkey H). Right figures show the difference in activity between before and after DCZ administration. Time 0 (black line) indicates movement onset. Red rectangles indicate the time frequency ROI that was used for the calculations shown in (G), H, I Black triangles indicate the onset of grasping. Averaged value of normalized brain activity (ECoG) at the ipsilesional PMd in the ROI in the intact state (G, n = 16 experiment days including 1074 trials [Pre-DCZ] and 1093 trials [Post-DCZ]), early recovery stage (H, n = 9 days, 591 trials [Pre-DCZ] and 525 trials [Post-DCZ]), and late recovery stage (I, n = 14 days, 970 trials [Pre-DCZ] and 972 trials [Post-DCZ]) of both monkeys (A, H). Error bars indicate standard deviation. *P < 0.05 (two-sided Wilcoxon sign-rank test, P = 7.8 × 10⁻⁴ [G], 0.039 [H], 0.020 [I]).