Fig. 4: Effects of fault geometries on maximum possible magnitude of earthquakes on the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault (AZF).

A The surface traces of curved and planar faults (legend) used in dynamic rupture simulations. B The maximum possible earthquake magnitude in 2023 as a function of hypocenter location predicted by simulations with curved and planar faults (legend in A). The simulation results are compared with the theoretical prediction. C Accumulated shear stress on curved fault (top) and superimposition of slip for four earthquake scenarios on curved (upper middle), smoothed (lower middle), and planar (bottom) faults, each assuming a different nucleation location (marked by purple stars).