Fig. 9: Differential heterogeneity of cephalic and trunk neural crest cells.

a–c Double immunostainings against TFAP2α and Snail2 (a), TFAP2α and Sox9 (b), Snail2 and Sox9 (c) on cryosections of cephalic neural crest cells (left columns) or trunk neural crest cells (right column). Scale bars, 50 µm on low magnifications and 25 µm on zooms. Yellow arrows indicate neural crest cells with high staining for both markers. Note that in cephalic regions, double-positive cells are scattered while they are basally located in the trunk region. d, e Scatter plots from double immunostainings, each channel was normalized to its maximum value. f Box and whisker plot of normalized fluorescence intensity values for each marker at head and trunk levels, n cells/embryos Head AP2 = 954/4, Trunk AP2 = 237/5, Head Sox9 = 2750/5, Trunk Sox9 = 465/7, Head Snail2 = 2745/5, Trunk Snail2 = 409/6. The coefficient of variation (CV) is indicated underneath each box plot. One-way ANOVA with uncorrected Fisher’s LSD, ****p < 0.0001, **p = 0.011. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.