Fig. 1: Physicochemical characterizations of the as-prepared superlattice P-V2O5 and conventional V2O5.

a X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Rietveld plots of P-V2O5. b Corresponding superlattice crystal structure. The high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of c, V2O5 and d, P-V2O5. e Raman spectra of pristine V2O5 and superlattice P-V2O5. f Normalized X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra for V K-edge of P-V2O5 and pristine V2O5. g X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of P-V2O5 and pristine V2O5. h Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of P-V2O5. i TEM image of P-V2O5. j Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of P-V2O5.