Fig. 6: Framework capabilities.

a SEM image of a typical fracture surface bent of a knife broken in bending, showing topological details normal to the imaging plane. b SEM image of a typical fracture surface of a broken knife in torsion, showing in-plane swirl textures. c Classification performance on a set of nine knives broken by twisting. The models were trained on different training bending and tensile fracture sets using five images and ν = 10.