Fig. 3: The role of T.mu and the gut bacterial microbiota in the T.mu-colonization-induced increase of antigen-specific IgA responses.

A Schematic of the experimental setup for T.mu colonization, antibiotics treatment, and antigen immunization. NA nalidixic acid, CS colistin sulfate, Vanco vancomycin, MDZ metronidazole. B–E The relative levels of serum anti-OVA IgA (B), cecal content anti-OVA IgA (C), serum total IgA (D), and cecal content total IgA (E) of control (Ctrl) and T.mu-colonized mice with or without NA+CS treatments were determined 14 days after intraperitoneal immunization (n = 6 mice/group). F–I The relative levels of serum anti-OVA IgA (F), cecal content anti-OVA IgA (G), serum total IgA (H), and cecal content total IgA (I) of the indicated mice treated or nontreated with MDZ were determined 14 days after immunization (n = 6 mice/group). All data are shown as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (B–I) was performed. AU arbitrary unit. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.