Fig. 2: Characterization of the evolved cytidine deaminase variants.

a The evolved CBE variants exhibited comparable editing efficiency and narrower editing windows compared with BE4; n = 3 or 4 independent experiments. b Frequencies of C converted to T across protospacer at the edited sites (PAM located at positions 21–23). Single dots represent individual data points from 3 or 4 independent replicates per site. Boxes span the interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile); horizontal line in the box indicates the median (50th percentile); and small horizontal bars mark the minimal and maximal values. c The indel decrease fold of YE1, N2 and N7 relative to BE4 in HEK293T cells. Bars represent median values; n = 16 target sites (see details in supplementary Fig. 4a). d The decrease fold of all Cs in the spacer converted to A/G for YE1, N2 and N7 relative to BE4 in HEK293T cells. The maximal fold change was set as 100. Bars represent median values; n = 16 target sites (see all variants in supplementary Fig. 4c). e The decrease fold of off-target activity for YE1, N2 and N7 compared with BE4. Bars represent median values; n = 21 off-target sites (see detailed data in supplementary Fig. 5). f Cas9-independent off-target analysis of the cumulative C edits by the orthogonal R-loop assay; n = 3 independent experiments. g RNA off-target evaluation of ABEs; n = 2 independent experiments. Data were presented as mean±s.d. in histograms.