Fig. 1: Expression of FOXM1/MAT2A/MAT2B during bile duct ligation (BDL) and after FDI-6 treatment.

a Western blots show the time course of protein expression of FOXM1, MATα2, and MAT2β in liver tissues after BDL (n = 3 independent experiments). b Immunofluorescence (IF) of FOXM1, MATα2, and MAT2β in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from sham and BDL mice at day 5. The top row shows DAPI staining. The second and third rows show the antibody (AB) staining. The fourth row shows merged images of DAPI and FOXM1, MATα2 or MAT2β, and the fifth row shows high magnification (HM) from the merged image (n = 3 independent experiments). c Expression of mRNA (top) and protein (bottom) of FOXM1, MATα2, MAT2β, α-SMA, and COL1A1 in HSCs isolated from WT mice and cultured for up to 5 days and FDI-6 treatment for 24 h starting at day 4. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 per group), mRNA levels of Foxm1, Mat2a, Mat2b, Acta2 and Col1a1 in HSCs at day 5 vs. day 1, p = 0.0044, p = 0.0029, p = 0.0056, p = 0.0010 and p = 0.00002, respectively. mRNA levels of Foxm1, Mat2a, Mat2b, Acta2 and Col1a1 in HSCs at day 5 + FDI-6 vs. day 1, p = 0.0431, p = 0.0152, p = 0.0245, p = 0.0083, and p = 0.0082, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. See Supplementary Fig. 3a for densitometric values of the western blots. d Expression of mRNA and protein of FOXM1, MATα2, MAT2β, α-SMA, and COL1A1 after FDI-6 treatment in LX-2 cells. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 per group), mRNA levels of Foxm1, Mat2a, Mat2b, Acta2 and Col1a1 in LX2 cells with DMSO treatment vs. FDI-6, p = 0.0187, p = 0.0023, p = 0.0122, p = 0.0108 and p = 0.0124, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. DMSO. See Supplementary Fig. 3b for densitometric values of the western blots. e IF of LX-2 cells after treatment with FDI-6. HM, high magnification from the merged images (n = 3 independent experiments). f FOXM1, MATα2, and MAT2β in cytoplasm and nucleus from HSCs isolated from sham and BDL mice with or without FDI-6 treatment (n = 3 independent experiments). Densitometry for cytoplasmic protein levels is summarized in Supplementary Fig. 3c and nuclear protein levels is summarized in Supplementary Fig. 3d. Proliferation (g) and migration (h) of LX-2 cells in vitro after FDI-6 treatment for 24 h. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 per group). p = 0.00016, p = 0.00002 vs.DMSO. Statistical significance was determined by using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 vs. DMSO (n = 3). Abbreviations: BDL bile duct ligation, DMSO dimethylsulfoxide. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.