Fig. 5: Oral reovirus synergizes with αPD-L1 in orthotopic tumors and colitis-associated colon cancer.

A–F Mice were orthotopically implanted with CT26 colon and treated with oral RC402 (RC) and/or intraperitoneal αPD-L1 (PDL1). A Schematic diagram showing the treatment schedule for orthotopic CT26 colon cancer. B, C Representative images and comparisons of orthotopic colon cancer growth at the end of treatment (n = 6 per group). D Kaplan−Meier curves for overall survival (n = 4 for vehicle; n = 5 for RC402; n = 6 for RC402 and αPD-L1). E, F Representative images and comparison of CD8⁺ T cells and CD31⁺ tumor vasculatures within tumor tissues (n = 6 per group). G–K Mice with colitis-associated colorectal cancers were treated with oral RC402 (R) and/or intraperitoneal αPD-L1 (P) for a longer duration. G Schematic diagram showing the treatment schedule. After the initial administration of azoxymethane (AOM), mice were orally administered with drinking water containing 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for a week every three-week interval. Oral RC402 and αPD-L1 were administered at the indicated time points. H Comparison of body weight changes from baseline (n = 4 for control; n = 8 for other groups). I Comparison of the disease activity index score (n = 4 for control; n = 8 for other groups). J Comparisons of the colon length and tumor nodules. K Kaplan−Meier curves for overall survival (n = 7 per group). L–N Mice were subcutaneously implanted with B16F10 melanoma cells and treated with oral RC402 and/or αPD-L1. L Schematic diagram showing the treatment schedule. M Comparison of B16F10 tumor growth in mice (n = 15 for vehicle; n = 10 for other groups). Mean tumor growth curves over time. N Kaplan−Meier curves for overall survival (n = 10 per group). Data are pooled from two independent experiments. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t test, ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test, and log-rank test were used. Scale bars, 1 cm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.