Fig. 5: The integrated multichannel BVML for parallel processing.

a Schematic illustration of the multichannel BVMLs synchronously performing the zeroth- to fourth-order differential operations. b The design flow and complex amplitude distributions of the multichannel BVMLs. Only the central region of the complex amplitude is presented at the right side to highlight the details. Scale bars: 300 μm. c Experimentally measured PSF of the multichannel BVML at the wavelength of 633 nm. d Experimental imaging results for the unstained limewood stem cell as a phase object under the wavelength of 633 nm. e Experimental imaging results for the rough surface of transparent drop-casted ultraviolet adhesives under the wavelength of 633 nm. Scale bars of (c–e): 50 μm.