Fig. 2: Detailed structural characterization of Se–Pt NPs with controlled shell thicknesses.

a–d HAADF-STEM-EDS elemental mappings, (e–h) HRTEM images, and (i–l) corresponding strain mappings of (a, e, i) Pt NPs, (b, f, j) Se1‒Pt NPs, (c, g, k) Se2‒Pt NPs, and (d, h, l) Se3‒Pt NPs. m CV curves at 50 mV s−1 in N2-saturated 0.1 M HClO4, n Intensity profiles taken from the corresponding region in (e–h), and (o) surface valence band photoemission spectra of Pt NPs and Se‒Pt NPs with different shell thicknesses. The shaded area in Fig. 2m is the hydrogen adsorption/desorption peaks.