Fig. 2: Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing SsPEIE1 have enhanced susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens and suppressed immune responses.

a Virulence assay of S. sclerotiorum WT on Col-0 and SsPEIE1-3×Flag-expressing (35S:SsPEIE1) lines at 30 hpi. b Lesion areas by the cross over method in (a), n = 10 biologically repetitions. c Relative biomass in (a) analyzed by qPCR with equal area samples from infected sites used for DNA extraction (n = 3 biologically repetitions). d Virulence assay of B. cinerea wildtype B05.10 on Col-0 and SsPEIE1-3×Flag-expressing (35S:SsPEIE1) lines at 36 hpi. e Lesion area by the cross over method in (d), n = 6 biologically repetitions. f Relative biomass in (d) analyzed by qPCR with equal area samples from infected sites used for DNA extraction (n = 3 biologically repetitions). g Virulence assay of S. sclerotiorum WT and ΔSsPEIE1 mutants on Col-0 and 35S:SsPEIE1 Arabidopsis lines at 30 hpi. h Lesion area by the cross-over method in (g), n = 8 biologically repetitions. i Relative biomass in (g) analyzed by qPCR with equal area samples from infected sites used for DNA extraction (n = 3 biologically repetitions). j, k MAPK activation induced by chitin and flg22 in SsPEIE1 transgenic lines. l, m, n ROS burst in SsPEIE1 transgenic lines induced by chitin, Ssnlp20 and flg22, values represent means ± SEM (n = 12 biologically repetitions). o Induction of immune-related genes in SsPEIE1 transgenic lines. Four-week-old leaves were treated with 10 μg · mL⁻¹ chitin for 1 h or 12 h. Data were normalized to AtUBQ5 expression in qPCR analysis (n = 3 biologically repetitions). Data represent means ± SD except for (l, m, and n). Different letters on the same graph indicate statistical significance at p < 0.01 in one-way ANOVA. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.