Fig. 4: MYH11, BMP4, and CD34 are specifically expressed in human SAN pacemaker cardiomyocytes.

Immunofluorescent staining of gestation week 19 fetal human SAN for: (a) pacemaker transcription factor TBX3 and pacemaker ion channel HCN4 (aI), SAN pacemaker transcription factor SHOX2 and atrial protein NPPA (aII); (b) core SAN marker MYH11 and HCN4 (bI), Core SAN marker BMP4 and HCN4 (bII), Core SAN marker CD34 and HCN4 (bIII); (c) CD34 and SHOX2 (cI), CD34 and TBX3 (cII), CD34 and MYH11 (cIII), and CD34 and NKX2–5 (cIV). White dashed line outlines the SAN. Yellow and green boxes indicate location of high magnification insets shown on the right marked with *. White arrows in bI* indicate MYH11+ smooth muscle cells of a blood vessel. Arrowheads in cIV* indicate the following cell types: white, CD34+NKX2–5−; green, CD34+NKX2–5+; yellow, CD34−NKX2–5−. Tissue sections were counterstained with cTNT to identify cardiomyocytes and DAPI to visualize all cells (n = 3 independent stains each of sections from 3 heart samples). Images were denoised using nikons denoise.ai. Scale bars, 500 μm (left) and 50 μm in the high magnification insets (right). RA right atrium.