Fig. 1: Association between metabolomic scores and disease onset in three national biobanks.

A Observed incidence of the 12 diseases divided into one percent bins of the metabolomic score. The observed incidence is shown as a sample size weighted mean of the 4-year incidence in the three biobank cohorts (n = 481,678). Red shading shows the top 10% of the metabolomic score (adjusted for age and sex). Horizontal dashed line shows the population prevalence. B Four-year hazard ratios of metabolomic scores (adjusted for age and sex) comparing the highest 10% to the remaining 90% of the study population for 12 diseases (n = 481,678). The dots represent point estimates (Cox regression estimates for individual cohorts, fixed inverse-variance weighted mean for meta-analysis) and the horizontal error bars denote 95% confidence intervals of the hazard ratio. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.