Fig. 1: Distinct immune cell compositions between control participants and CRSwNP patients.

a Schematic diagram of the study design for ScRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics. Part of this figure was created by figdraw.com. b Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plots showing that 208,757 cells recovered from 25 samples (5 control blood samples, 4 control inferior turbinate samples, 8 blood samples from patients with CRSwNP, and 8 nasal polyp samples) are separated into 25 cell clusters (upper left). Clusters are annotated into eight major immune cell types by canonical markers (upper right) and colored by different sampling locations (lower left and right). c Dot plots showing the scaled expression of selected canonical marker genes in indicated cell types. The dot size represents percentage of cells expressing the genes in each cell type. The color represents the scaled gene expression level. d Pie charts displaying the cellular frequencies of the eight major cell types in blood (n = 13 samples) (left) and nasal tissue (n = 12 samples) (right). e, Bar plots showing the compositions of major immune cell types in each sample across different sampling locations in control participants and patients with CRSwNP. f Tissue prevalence of major cell types in the indicated group (13 blood samples (including 5 CBL and 8 NP-BL samples) and 12 nasal tissue samples (including 4 CIT and 8 NP samples)) is estimated by Ro/e score = (observed cell numbers/expected cell numbers). C control, CBL control blood sample, CIT control inferior turbinate sample, FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting, ILC2 group 2 innate lymphoid cell, NK natural killer cell, NP nasal polyp, NP-BL blood sample from CRSwNP patient, P patient. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.