Fig. 3: GZMK+CD8+ T cells are the primary cellular source of GZMK in nasal polyps.

a The UMAP depicting the expression pattern of GZMK in CD45+ lymphocytes in 25 samples (5 CBL, 8 NP-BL, 4 CIT, and 8 NP samples) of our dataset. b The doughnut chart showing the composition of GZMK expressing cells in our dataset. c The UMAP depicting the expression pattern of GZMK in all CD8+ T cells from our dataset. d Violin plot showing the expression levels of GZMK in the indicated cell types. e The doughnut chart showing the composition of GZMK expressing CD8+ T cells in different sample groups in our dataset. Representative flow cytometry plots (f) and cumulative data (g) showing GZMK and GZMB expression among CD8+ T cells from indicated groups (22 CBL, 27 NP-BL, 14 CIT, and 30 NP samples). Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges; Two-sided Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. h Dot plot displaying the expression of selected cell surface markers and transcription factors in GZMK+CD8+ T and GZMB+CD8+ T cells from NPs. i, j Flow cytometry showing mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CXCR4, PD-1, EOMES, and T-bet protein levels in GZMK+CD8+ T and GZMB+CD8+ T cells from NPs (n = 17 samples). Two-sided paired t test. k, l Representative immunofluorescence staining of GZMK (green) and CD8 (red) colocalization in control inferior turbinate tissues (CIT, left) and NP samples (NP, right) (k). Quantified results of GZMK and CD8 double-positive cells in the indicated group (17 CIT and 57 NP samples) (l). Scale bar: 40 μm. HPF high power field. Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges; Two-sided unpaired Wilcoxon test. m, n Representative immunofluorescence staining of GZMB (green) and CD8 (red) colocalization in CIT (left) and NP samples (right) (m). Quantified results of GZMB and CD8 double-positive cells in the indicated group (10 CIT and 10 NP samples) (n). Scale bar: 40 μm. HPF high power field. Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges; Two-sided unpaired Wilcoxon test. CBL control blood sample, CD8+ Tpex, CD8+ progenitor exhausted cells, CIT control inferior turbinate sample, MAIT mucosal associated invariant T cell, NP nasal polyp, NP-BL blood sample from CRSwNP patient, Source data are provided as a Source Data file.