Fig. 7: Clonal relationships and developmental trajectory of CD8⁺ T cells.

a The doughnut charts showing the distribution of the clonal status of CD8⁺ T cells across four groups (5 CBL, 8 NP-BL, 4 CIT, and 8 NP samples) in our dataset. b The index scores of the abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE), Chao1 richness estimator (Chao), inverse Simpson index (Inv.Simpson), inverse Pielou evenness index (Inv.Pielou), and Shannon entropy of CD8⁺ T cells across four groups (5 CBL, 8 NP-BL, 4 CIT, and 8 NP samples). Box plots show median, quantiles, minimum and maximum. Two-sided Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. c Cell counts of CD8⁺ T cell subsets across four groups (up); The distribution of clone status in CD8⁺ T cell subsets across four groups (down) (5 CBL, 8 NP-BL, 4 CIT, and 8 NP samples). d Top 100 clonal types relative to GZMK⁺CD8⁺ T cells in different tissues, showing from top to bottom: cell counts of GZMK⁺CD8⁺ T cell in each clonotype, the cell composition of each clonotype, the total cell distribution and GZMK⁺CD8⁺T cell distribution of each clonotype across different sample types. e Single T cell analysis by RNA sequencing and TCR tracking (STARTRAC) analysis estimating the clonal expansion (STARTRAC-expa) and state transition (STARTRAC-tran) of CD8⁺ T cell clusters across four groups (5 CBL, 8 NP-BL, 4 CIT, and 8 NP samples). f Pseudotime and developmental trajectory of CD8⁺ T cells inferred by Monocle 3 on UMAP plot. g Two-dimensional plots displaying expression scores for three typical gene signatures in cells of paths 1 (brown), path 2 (yellow) and path 3 (red), along the Pseudotime, respectively. h Potential antigens imputed from the top 10 clonotypes of GZMK⁺CD8⁺ T cells from NPs in TCRmatch. According to the instructions of TCRmatch, score >0.97 were considered as reliable. CBL control blood sample, CD8⁺ Tpex CD8⁺ progenitor exhausted cells, CIT control inferior turbinate sample, MAIT mucosal associated invariant T cell, NP nasal polyp, NP-BL blood sample from CRSwNP patient. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.