Fig. 3: Gravity anomaly features of study area B.

a Topography and b GRAIL Bouguer gravity anomaly map shown with an equidistant cylindrical projection. c Iso-surface map of the high-density anomalies from the 3D inversion. d Iso-surface map of the high-density anomalies beneath the Briggs B and Lichtenberg craters. e Iso-surface map of the high-density anomalies beneath the Seleucus crater. The location of study area B is indicated by solid black polygons in Fig. 1. The red surfaces in (c)–(e) indicate the density contrast iso-surface of 160 kg/m3, which outlines high-density anomalies and is interpreted as magmatic bodies. The yellow surfaces depict a density contrast iso-surface of 350 kg/m3 to delineate the even denser magmatic bodies. The symbols “I, II, III, IV, V” in (c) represent distinct magma chamber compartments. These compartments are inferred to have gradually interconnected at higher levels during the filling process.