Fig. 4: Diagnostic performance of CSF and plasma p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231, p-tau181&231, and p-tau217&231 in the validation cohort.

a CSF, (b) plasma measurements. The horizontal line refers to the median, and error bars indicate the interquartile range. Data plotted in log10 scale. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for multiple group comparisons, followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test. Reported p values are adjusted for multiple comparisons (two-sided). Legend: * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p ≤ 0.001, **** = p ≤ 0.0001, comparison vs. NDC. Cohen's d: standardized effect size, AD: Alzheimer’s disease, pre-AD: preclinical AD (n = 19), MCI-AD: mild cognitive impairment due to AD (n = 21), AD-dem: AD at dementia stage (n = 16), FTD: frontotemporal dementia (n = 39), NDC: Neurological Disease Control group (n = 24). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.