Fig. 2: Characterization of WBG perovskite films.

a The XPS spectra of Pb 4f, b, c PL mapping of the control and nano-polishing treated perovskite films. d Normalized TRPL curves of the control and nano-polishing treated perovskite films. e, f The evolution of PL spectra as a function of illumination time of the control and nano-polishing treated perovskite films. g Schematic diagram of the ion migration measurements for perovskite films. h, i PL intensity of the control and nano-polishing treated perovskite films after aging under the electric field stress. The excitation source for the PL mapping test was a 488 nm laser.