Fig. 5: Transformation of vegetables with natural anisotropic micro-patterns into muscle-mimicking scaffolds.
From: Growing meat on autoclaved vegetables with biomimetic stiffness and micro-patterns
a, h Distribution of C2C12 cell aspect ratio on autoclaved Chinese chive leaves (a) and Shiitake mushroom stems (h); AR, aspect ratio. b, i Representative SEM images (n = three independent experiments) of fresh Chinese chive leaves (b) and fresh Shiitake mushroom stems (i). Scale bar = 100 μm. c, j Distribution of aligned micro-pattern width on fresh Chinese chive leaves (c) and Shiitake mushroom stem (j). d, k Young’s modulus of fresh and autoclaved Chinese chive leaves (d, Fresh, n = 18; 20 min, n = 49; 1 h, n = 28; 1.5 h, n = 25) and Shiitake mushroom stems (k, Fresh, n = 28; 20 min, n = 53). Magenta lines represent the quartiles. Two-sided Mann-Whitney U test was used, and no multiple testing correction between samples. f, l Water contact angles of Chinese chive leaves (f), and Shiitake mushroom stems before and after dopamine coating (l). e, m Representative SEM images (n = three independent experiments) of autoclaved Chinese chive (e, autoclaved for 1.5 h) and Dopa-mushroom (m, autoclaved for 20 min and Dopa-coated) scaffolds. Scale bar = 100 μm. g, n Representative SEM images (n = three independent experiments) of C2C12 cells growing on autoclaved Chinese chive (g) and Dopa-mushroom (n) scaffolds. Scale bar = 100 μm. Panel (a, h) were, in part, created with BioRender. Lab, D. (2024) https://BioRender.com/x24q862.
