Fig. 6: Reduction of commercial LP30 electrolyte on various electrode materials – MCR-ALS decomposition.

a 1 M LiPF6 in EC:DMC (1:1 v/v) electrolyte IR-FEWS reference spectrum; MCR-ALS SEI spectral components (C5 and C6) and associated contributions for three electrode materials with LP30 electrolyte, along with the GITT voltage profile (resting OCV time is highlighted in yellow): (b, c), tin metal powder; (d, e), CoO/SuperP; and (f, g), LTO/SuperP. For clarity, electrolyte components are not represented on the figure but are reported in Supplementary Figs. 20–25. The grey boxes report the MSE scores calculated on the reconstructed operando and calibration spectra. The range of the characteristic IR bands of Li2CO3 and semi-carbonates are highlighted with red and purple rectangles, respectively; the bands of LEDC34,35, and LMC4 and DMDOHC44 are more precisely detailed below the spectra.