Fig. 5: FMT from a high-TANB77 human donor to mice improves the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment.

a Timeline of human-to-mice FMT experiments. b Relative abundance of TANB77 in high- and low-TANB77 donors compared to global population (n = 20,900) and ICB recipients (n = 660). Blue and red horizontal lines indicate the relative abundance of high-TANB77 and low-TANB77 donor, respectively. c Tumor growth curve of high- and low-TANB77 FMT recipient mice subjected to anti-PD-1 or isotype treatment. Each treatment group had six to eight mice allocated per group (aPD1 high-TANB77 = 7, aPD1 low-TANB77 = 8, Isotype high-TANB77 = 6, Isotype low-TANB77 = 8). Data points and error bars represent the mean ± SEM. Significance was evaluated by two-way ANOVA using Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test (all significant comparisons are shown). d Survival curve for high- and low-TANB77 FMT recipient mice. Significance was evaluated by the pairwise two-tailed log-rank test (all significant comparisons are shown). e Proportion of Ki-67⁺ PD^-1⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in mice PBMCs on D + 15. Significance was evaluated by a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test and the error bars represent mean ± SEM f Schematic diagram of sequential filtration steps to identify candidate taxa responsible for improving the ICB response in high-TANB77 FMT recipient mice. g Relative abundance of the CAG-245 genus in high- (n = 13) and low-TANB77 (n = 16) FMT recipient mice feces. Significance was evaluated by two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. b, g The center line of the boxplot represents the median, the bounds of the box represent the 25th, and 75th percentiles, and the whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values within the 1.5 interquartile range from the lower and upper quartiles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. (n.s.: not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001).