Fig. 3: Insights into bulb and rhizome formation.
From: The giant genome of lily provides insights into the hybridization of cultivated lilies
a Statistics on genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism across 10 monocot plant species. Stars represent significant increase of gene copy numbers by tandem duplication. The bubble size represents the number of genes. Genes involved in biosynthesis, degradation, and transport are in red, blue, and black fonts, respectively. SUS, Sucrose Synthase; Starch Synthase, SS2; ADP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase, APL; Beta-Amylase, BAM; Cell Wall Invertase, CWINV; Sucrose Transporter, SUT2. b Microsynteny analysis of the duplicated SUS1/4 homologs between Lilium sargentiae and Gloriosa superba. c, d The representative images of the base of bulb scales without and with newly generated bulblets. During the lily bulblet initiation process, a cluster of undifferentiated cells is generated; during the bulblet expansion process, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is generated, which represents the formation of new bulblets. e Expression of LaXTH in TRV2 control lines and TRV2-LaXTH silenced lines as well as EV control lines and OE-LaXTH overexpressed lines, respectively. Error bars are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of three technical repeats (two-sided Student’s t-test; **: P < 0.01). **P = 0.0004 (TRV2-LaXTH-1), **P = 0.0002 (TRV2-LaXTH-2), **P = 0.0009 (TRV2-LaXTH-3), **P < 0.0001 (OE-LaXTH-1), **P = 0.0005 (OE-LaXTH-2), **P < 0.0001 (OE-LaXTH-3). f The statistics of bulb induction rate (bulblet initiation rate plus bulblet expansion rate) of the TRV2 (n = 5) and TRV2-LaXTH (n = 7) lines as well as EV (n = 5) and OE-LaXTH (n = 7) lines, respectively. Error bars stand for mean ± s.e.m. (two-sided Student’s t-test; **: P < 0.01). **P = 0.0076 (TRV2-LaXTH), **P = 0.001 (OE-LaXTH). g A proposed model of the evolutionary and genetic mechanisms of bulblet initiation and bulblet expansion in L. sargentiae. JA jasmonic acid, BR brassinolide. The detailed functions of the involved genes could be found in Supplementary Data 3. More candidate genes were listed in Supplementary Fig. 15. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
