Table 3 AUCs of refitted models for AKI and Severe AKI within 48 h in Validation Cohorts stratified by admission Scr, gender, location, and prior operation

From: Development and validation of a real-time prediction model for acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients

Subgroup

AUC (95%CI) for AKI

Site 1 (n = 17074)

P

Site 2 (n = 39605)

P

Site 3 (n = 21239)

P

Site 4 (n = 22603)

P

Site 5 (n = 13605)

P

Admission Scr, µmol/L

 ≥ 88.4

0.89(0.88–0.89)

0.61

0.85(0.84–0.85)

<0.01

0.83(0.82–0.83)

<0.01

0.85(0.84–0.86)

<0.01

0.86(0.85–0.87)

<0.01

 <88.4

0.89(0.88–0.90)

0.86(0.86–0.87)

0.77(0.77–0.78)

0.89(0.88–0.90)

0.91(0.90–0.91)

Gender

 Female

0.89(0.88–0.90)

<0.01

0.87(0.87–0.88)

<0.01

0.82(0.81–0.82)

<0.01

0.88(0.88–0.89)

0.02

0.91(0.90–0.91)

<0.01

 Male

0.90(0.89–0.90)

0.86(0.85–0.86)

0.80(0.80–0.81)

0.89(0.88–0.89)

0.89(0.88–0.90)

Location

 Internal Medicine Ward

0.89(0.88–0.90)

<0.01

0.88(0.88–0.89)

<0.01

0.82(0.82–0.83)

<0.01

0.87(0.87–0.88)

<0.01

0.91(0.91–0.92)

<0.01

 Surgical Ward

0.89(0.88–0.90)

0.82(0.82–0.83)

0.80(0.80–0.81)

0.87(0.86–0.88)

0.89(0.89–0.90)

 ICU

0.82(0.81–0.84)

0.86(0.85–0.86)

0.80(0.79–0.81)

0.71(0.70–0.73)

0.71(0.69–0.73)

Prior Operation

 Prior operation

0.87(0.86–0.88)

<0.01

0.81(0.81–0.82)

<0.01

0.80(0.79–0.81)

<0.01

0.83(0.80–0.85)

<0.01

0.88(0.87–0.89)

<0.01

 No prior operation

0.90(0.89–0.91)

0.89(0.89–0.89)

0.81(0.81–0.82)

0.89(0.89–0.89)

0.90(0.90–0.91)

AUC (95%CI) for Severe AKI

Admission Scr, µmol/L

 ≥ 88.4

0.95(0.94–0.95)

0.05

0.92(0.91–0.92)

0.01

0.90(0.90–0.91)

<0.01

0.90(0.89–0.91)

<0.01

0.89(0.88–0.91)

<0.01

 <88.4

0.94(0.93–0.95)

0.92(0.91–0.92)

0.83(0.82–0.84)

0.94(0.94–0.95)

0.92(0.91–0.93)

Gender

 Female

0.95(0.94–0.95)

0.50

0.92(0.91–0.92)

<0.01

0.86(0.86–0.87)

<0.01

0.91(0.90–0.92)

<0.01

0.91(0.90–0.92)

0.06

 Male

0.95(0.94–0.95)

0.92(0.92–0.93)

0.88(0.88–0.89)

0.95(0.94–0.95)

0.91(0.90–0.92)

Location

 Internal Medicine Ward

0.96(0.95–0.96)

<0.01

0.94(0.93–0.94)

<0.01

0.88(0.87–0.89)

<0.01

0.92(0.91–0.93)

<0.01

0.93(0.93–0.94)

<0.01

 Surgical Ward

0.95(0.94–0.96)

0.89(0.88–0.89)

0.87(0.86–0.88)

0.94(0.93–0.95)

0.90(0.89–0.91)

 ICU

0.85(0.82–0.87)

0.91(0.91–0.92)

0.88(0.87–0.89)

0.78(0.76–0.80)

0.77(0.74–0.80)

Prior Operation

 Prior operation

0.93(0.91–0.95)

<0.01

0.89(0.88–0.89)

<0.01

0.87(0.86–0.88)

0.1

0.91(0.88–0.93)

<0.01

0.90(0.88–0.92)

<0.01

 No prior operation

0.95(0.94–0.95)

0.94(0.93–0.94)

0.88(0.87–0.88)

0.93(0.93–0.94)

0.92(0.91–0.92)

  1. AUCs were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05 (2-tailed). No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
  2. AKI acute kidney injury, AUC area under the curve, CI confidence interval, Site 1 Peking University First Hospital, Site 2 Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Site 3 the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Site 4 Beijing Miyun District Hospital, Site 5 Taiyuan Central Hospital.
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