Fig. 7: Comparison of protein coronae adsorbed on IPM and LNP.

a Schematic illustration of the process for isolating the in vitro and in vivo protein coronae adsorbed on formulations. b Silver staining results of protein coronae adsorbed on FAPi-IPM (F), IPM (M), and LNP (L) in vitro and in vivo. Three times was repeated independently with similar results. c–e Protein concentrations collected from the three PEGylated drugs via affinity chromatography columns, with tubes 13 to 18 eluted with PEG8000. f The two tubes with the highest protein concentrations collected from each formulation via affinity chromatography columns were defined as the protein coronae adsorbed on the formulations, with FAPi-IPM and IPM exhibiting higher protein corona concentrations than LNP. g The number of protein types adsorbed on the three formulations. h Top 50 proteins adsorbed on the three formulations classified by complement, immunoglobulins, apolipoproteins, etc. i Venn diagram. j Top 20 proteins adsorbed on the three formulations. Molecular function (k) and KEGG analyses (l) of the protein coronae adsorbed on IPM. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Values represent mean ± standard deviation (SD).