Fig. 4: Photoelectrochemical water splitting performance.

a Schematic diagram of the PEC hydrogen evolution reaction in a three-electrode configuration. CE is the counter electrode and RE is the reference electrode. b LSV curves of Au/GaN/Si and Au/Faceted-GaN/Si under AM 1.5G one sun illumination in 0.5 M H2SO4 (pH = 0) (Details of the light intensity calibration in the Methods section). c The current density and onset potential of Au/GaN/Si and Au/Faceted-GaN/Si at 0.2 V vs. RHE. d The ABPE curves of Au/GaN/Si and Au/Faceted-GaN/Si. e IPCE curves of Au/GaN/Si and Au/Faceted-GaN/Si. f The Faradic efficiency and amount of H2 production of Au/Faceted-GaN/Si in 0.5 M H2SO4 (pH = 0) at 0 V vs. RHE. g Long-term stability evaluation of Au/GaN/Si and Au/Faceted-GaN/Si in 0.5 M H2SO4 (pH = 0) under AM 1.5G 1.14 suns illumination at 0 V vs. RHE. h PEC water splitting performance of Au/Faceted-GaN/Si compared with Au/GaN/Si under AM 1.5G 1.14 suns illumination. All the test curves were measured without iR compensation.