Fig. 3: Distal dendritic depolarization favors dendritic spikes (dSpikes).

a–f Corresponding plots to those illustrated in Fig. 2 for stimuli at a distal dendrite (a and d, D2_stim; 54 trials, 49 -dSpikes, and 35 +dSpikes), soma (b and e, Soma; 54 trials, 161 -dSpikes, and 6 +dSpikes), and both soma and distal dendrite simultaneously (c and f, Soma + D2; 54 trials, 116 -dSpikes, and 54 +dSpikes; all trials evoked at least 1 dSpike in this condition). Kymographs in d–f show single-trial recordings. g Amplitude ratio of later bAPs to the first bAP (∆F_max/∆F₁). Data sorted by the presence ( + dSpike) vs. absence (-dSpike) of dSpike. Soma or proximal dendritic branch ( < 200 µm) was stimulated (n = 22 branches, 17 cells, 15 animals). Mean (open circles), individual stimuli (thin lines). h,Distance from soma to the area showing peak ∆F_max/∆F₁ (x = mean ± s.d.), where ∆F₁ is the amplitude of the first spike after stimulus onset and ∆F_max is the amplitude of a subsequent dSpike. i Probability for the first bAP after stimulus onset to trigger a dSpike, as a function of stimulus distance from soma (n = 35 dendrites, 13 cells, 11 animals). Red line, sigmoidal fit.