Fig. 5: Adhesion properties and biocompatibility of PVA-EBPD hydrogel. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Adhesion properties and biocompatibility of PVA-EBPD hydrogel.

From: Instantaneous self-recovery and ultra-low detection limit hydrogel electronic sensor for temporomandibular disorders intelligent diagnosis

Fig. 5

a Tack test curves of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and PVA hydrogel at a test speed of 10 mm/s. b Tack test device and status of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and PVA hydrogel at the test end point. (The thick red arrow represents the unbroken PVA-EBPD hydrogel.) c The adhesion force of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and PVA hydrogel at different test speeds in tack test (All data are Mean ± SEM, n = 5 independent samples, ** for P < 0.01, *** for P < 0.001, Statistics was calculated by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons). d Schematic diagram of the adhesion mechanism of the PVA-EBPD hydrogel. e–g Comparison of adhesion strength of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and PVA hydrogel on rabbit skin by tack test (e), lap-shear tests (f), and peel tests (g) (All data are Mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent samples, ** for P < 0.01, *** for P < 0.001, Statistics was calculated by t-test). h Live-dead cell staining of Hacat cells incubated with PVA-EBPD hydrogel for 12 h and 24 h. Scale bar: 300 μm. i Live Hacat cell count in 12 h and 24 h (All data are Mean ± SEM, n = 5 independent samples). j CCK8 assays on 12 h and 24 h (All data are Mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent samples). k Skin status of rabbits after application of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and saline gauze on the back for 4 h. Scale bar: 5 mm. l H&E staining of rabbit skin after application of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and saline for 4 h. Scale bar: 200 μm and 100 μm. m Skin of pigs after application of PVA-EBPD hydrogel and saline gauze on the back for 4 h (3 animals per group). n The blood counts of pigs in WBC (red blood cell count), RBC (white blood cell count), HGB (hemoglobin), and PLT (platelet count) after applying PVA-EBPD hydrogel on the backs of pigs (All data are Mean ± SEM, n = 3 animals per group). o Blood biochemistry examination of pigs in ALT (alanine transferase), AST (aspartate transferase), Urea, and CREA (creatinine) after applying PVA-EBPD hydrogel on the backs of pigs (All data are Mean ± SEM, n = 3 animals per group). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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