Fig. 6: Therapeutic outcomes of early intervention of neuroma 12 weeks postoperatively.

a Photograph of the treatment of neuroma by excision and nerve guidance conduits. b Photographs of the gastrocnemius muscles of the contralateral (healthy, left) and injured side (right) with intervention at week 2 and week 5. c, Statistical analysis of the wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscles of the injured hindlimb. d Masson’s trichrome staining images of the transverse sections of muscles of the injured hindlimb. e, Statistical analysis of the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers of the injured hindlimb. f Representative CMAP at the injured side. Electrical stimulation (1.0 mA, 1 Hz, 0.1 ms) is applied at the proximal nerve stumps. g Statistical analysis of CMAP amplitude at the injured side. In c, e and g, n = 3 rats per condition, and unpaired two-sided t-test was used for the statistical analysis (*P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001: P = 1.3 × 10-59). The box plot presents the median (center line), lower quartile (lower border), upper quartile (upper border), maximum (upper whisker), and minimum (lower whisker), which are ≤ 1.5 times the interquartile range.