Fig. 3: Characterization of the coordination structures and chemical states.

a Cu K-edge XANES spectra and b FT k2-weighted χ(k)-function of EXAFS of CuSA/Ace-COF, Cu-foil, CuO, and CuPc. c EXAFS fitting curves of CuSA/Ace-COF in R space; the insets show the corresponding structure. d N 1 s XPS spectrum and e Cu 2p XPS spectrum of CuSA/COFs. f Calculated charge density difference for CuSA/Obq-COF and CuSA/Ace-COF with the isosurfaces value of 0.001 e/Å, where yellow represents electron-rich regions and green represents electron-deficient regions.