Fig. 6: Atom-scale HADDF observations and in situ TEM observations. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: Atom-scale HADDF observations and in situ TEM observations.

From: High-entropy assisted capacitive energy storage in relaxor ferroelectrics by chemical short-range order

Fig. 6

a Schematic diagrams of HADDF image analysis: (a1) In the HADDF image, a converged electron beam scans across atomic columns and projects onto a plane; (a2) By analyzing the ionic positions at A and B site, the direction and magnitude of the polarization vector can be determined; (a3) Furthermore, the variations in the brightness of atomic columns can be analyzed to assess compositional changes, where heavier atoms (e.g., Nb) result in increased pixel intensity. A-site intensity of b BNKLST and c BNKLSTN5 ceramics; B-site intensity of d BNKLST and e BNKLSTN5 ceramics; Polarization direction of f BNKLST and g BNKLST5 ceramics along [001] zone axis; h B-site intensity and polarization direction in the region I; i B-site intensity and polarization direction in the region II; j Polarization direction of BNKLSTN5 ceramic along [110] zone axis, exhibiting a R-O-T-C multiphase coexistence; Evolution of polarization of BNKLSTN5 with the applied voltages of (k1) before applying voltage, (k2) 30 V, (k3) 40 V, and (k4) after applying voltage; l Corresponding [001]-oriented SAED patterns measured under different voltages.

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