Fig. 1: A plausible biosynthesis pathway of echinacoside. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: A plausible biosynthesis pathway of echinacoside.

From: Complete pathway elucidation of echinacoside in Cistanche tubulosa and de novo biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides

Fig. 1

a Cistanche tubulosa plant in desert. b Skeleton of PhG compounds. c Chemical structure of echinacoside (ECH). d Three possible upstream pathways for tyrosol or hydroxytyrosol biosynthesis, including the TyDC-TYO-ADH pathway (pathway 1), AAS-ADH pathway (pathway 2) and TAT-PPDC-ADH pathway (Ehrlich pathway, pathway 3) that are shown in different colours. e Downstream pathways involving the assembling of acyl, hydroxyl, rhamnosyl, and glucosyl modules in the biosynthesis of ECH.

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