Fig. 2: Functional characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in the downstream ECH biosynthesis pathway. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Functional characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in the downstream ECH biosynthesis pathway.

From: Complete pathway elucidation of echinacoside in Cistanche tubulosa and de novo biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides

Fig. 2

a The identified glycosyltransferases in the downstream biosynthesis pathway of ECH, including CtUGT85A191, UGT85AF12, UGT85AF13, UGT79G13 and UGT73EV1. b Phylogenetic analysis of candidate genes with reported “sugar-sugar UGTs”, which catalyse sugar chain elongation (distributed in clades I–IV labelled in black), and UGTs, which catalyse the glucosylation of tyrosol to form salidroside (located in clade IV labelled in black with green circles). Candidate genes located in clades I–IV for further functional analysis are labelled in red. Information on the referenced genes is summarized in Supplementary Data 1. c Glucosylation of tyrosol (9) to form salidroside (11) or hydroxytyrosol (10) to form hydroxysalidroside (12), catalysed by CtUGT85A191, UGT85AF12 and UGT85AF13 at 1 h or 12 h. d Kinetic parameter determination of CtUGT85A191 towards 9 or 10. e Kinetic parameter determination of UGT85AF12 towards 9 or 10. f Rhamnosylation of calA (18) to form acteoside (20) or osmA (13) to form osmB (14) by CtUGT79G13 at 0.5 h and 12 h. g Kinetic parameter determination of CtUGT79G13 towards 18. h, i Molecular docking of CtUGT79G13–UDP-rhamnose binary complex with calA (h) or osmA (i). j Glucosylation of acteoside (20) to form ECH (21) by CtUGT73EV1. k Kinetic parameter determination of CtUGT73EV1 towards 20. The detection wavelengths were set at 280 nm (c) and 330 nm (f, j), respectively. Kinetic assays were performed in independent triplicates, and data are presented as mean values  ± SDs (d and e; g and k). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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