Fig. 7: Coordinated changes of tRNA modifications across cell types and tissues.

a Violin plots showing differences of the weighted RT misincorporation frequencies (%) at the most variable site of ASL or non-ASL modifications among isodecoders. SH-SY5Y & HeLa & K562, 2 biological replicates, each 2 technical replicates; HEK293T & HAP1, 2 biological replicates; mouse tissues, each 3 biological replicates. b Dataset of a in bar graphs. c Dataset of b in bar graphs at the major sites of ASL and non-ASL modifications in mouse tissues. d Datasets of c in bar graphs at position 32 (left) and 20 (right). e Dataset of (b) in bar graphs at the major sites of ASL and non-ASL modifications in human cells. f Datasets of e in bar graphs at position 32 (left) and 20 (right). Error bars, mean ± 95% standard error, by a two-sided Wilcoxon test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). g Violin plots showing the fraction of modifications (%) in the consistency scale across human cell lines and mouse tissues. A modification of consistency of 100% means that it is present in all 5 human cell lines, while a consistency of 80% means that it is present in 4 of the 5 cell lines. Student’s t-test by a two-sided analysis. h A landscape of coordinated changes of tRNA modifications across tissues and cell types. The charged aa-tRNA is shown with the amino acid as a star; the ribosome is drawn as a cartoon with the large and small subunits, while the mRNA is drawn with abundant codons (triplets without a margin) and rare codons (triplets with a margin), where the distance between each marked codon indicates the presence of unmarked codons. a–f Individual data points, p values and n values for statistical analysis are available in Source Data 12−19.