Fig. 2: ODF⊂UiO-67 synthesis and characterisation.

a Schematic illustration showing the uptake and gradual release of the osteogenic differentiation factors (ODFs) ascorbic acid (AA), beta-glycerophosphate (BGP), and dexamethasone (DEXA) from UiO-67 particles. b, c FE-SEM images of the UiO-67 particles. The experiments were repeated more than three times with similar results. d Particle size distribution of UiO-67 particles, as measured by dynamic light scattering. e Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern of UiO-67. f Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of UiO-67 (P/P0, relative pressure). g–j Curves describing absorption over time for the three ODFs and the ODF mixture in UiO-67. k–m Curves describing the release of ODFs, individually (top) and as a mixture (bottom), from ODF⊂UiO-67 over 21 d.