Fig. 2: Accuracy determination and functions of FTSM-CBM-1. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Accuracy determination and functions of FTSM-CBM-1.

From: Tailorable biosensors for real-time monitoring of stress distribution in soft biomaterials and living tissues

Fig. 2

a Representative single-molecule force-extension traces for the binding between CBM1 and α-chitin by using atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS). n = 200. Inset, SDS‒PAGE of chitin-binding between CBM1 and chitin. Lanes are ladder, total, bound fraction, unbound fraction, and negative control, from left to right. All measurements were carried out in triplicate. b Confocal fluorescence and FRET/donor ratiometric images of a fibrous chitin hydrogel during reversible stretching test. n = 4. A lookup table (LUT) was used to measure the stress calculated from the FRET index (stress calc). Scale bars, 200 μm. c Plot of stress calc at different locations along the fibrous chitin hydrogel. The data are from (b). d Histogram of the distribution of fluorescence directions. Inset, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the extended hydrogel in (b). The gray arrow indicates the load orientation. e The plot of stress calc and FRET intensity with increasing duration stabilization time. Data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 6). f Plot of the stress calc of FTSM-CBM-1 on materials with/without stress relaxation. Data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 6). g, h Diagrams showing the different behaviors of chitinous fibers in binary-solvent-induced self-assembled (BSISA, g) and pre-evaporated-BSISA (PE-BSISA, h) hydrogels.

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