Fig. 7: VSTM2L suppresses ferroptosis and maintains mitochondria homeostasis via inhibiting VDAC1 oligomerization in PCa cells.

A, B The levels of mtROS in 22Rv1 (Control VS shVSTM2L-1 P = 0.000001, Control VS shVSTM2L-2 P = 5.4234E-7) (A) and DU145 (Control VS shVSTM2L-1 P = 0.000001, Control VS shVSTM2L-2 P = 4.6453E-10) cells (B) transfected with VSTM2L shRNA (shVSTM2L-1, shVSTM2L-2) or control shRNA (Control). Data shown as mean ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates. C-F VSTM2L knockdown DU145 cells were cultured with or without VBIT4 (5 μM) for 24 h, then, cell death (C, D), lipid peroxidation (E) and mtROS (F) were assessed by PI (3 μg/μL), C11-BODIPY (5 μM) and MitoSOX (5 μM) staining, respectively. Data shown as mean ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates. ns not significant. G The level of GSH in VSTM2L inhibited DU145 cells treated with or without VBIT4 (5 μM) for 24 h. Data shown as mean ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates. ns not significant. H The level of lipid peroxidation in VSTM2L suppressed DU145 cells cultured with or without MitoQ (10 nM) for 24 h and assessed by C11-BODIPY (5 μM) staining. Data shown as mean ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates. ns not significant. I The level of MMP in VSTM2L knockdown DU145 cells cultured with or without VBIT4 (5 μM) for 24 h. Data shown as mean ± SD of n = 3 biological replicates. ns not significant. J, K Representative images of mitochondrial in VSTM2L depletion DU145 cells cultured with or without VBIT4 (5 μM) by MitoPeDPP (0.5 μM, Scale bars = 25 μm) (J) and Mito-Tracker (200 nM, Scale bars = 10 μm) (K) staining. L–N Mitochondria counts mean mitochondria area, mean mitochondria perimeter (L), mitochondria network (branch counts) (M), mitochondria morphology (mean mitochondria form factor and mean mitochondria aspect ratio) (N) for images shown in K by ImageJ were determined. Data shown as mean ± SD, n = 3 for each group. ns not significant. P value was determined by one-way (A) and two-way ANOVA (D- I, L-N). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.