Fig. 1: Selective attention performance before and after exposure sessions.
Changes in selective attention performance pre- and post-exposure (a) for the two pollution exposure conditions (averaged across both inhalation conditions); and (b) across all four exposure/inhalation condition combinations. Selective attention performance deteriorated following PM pollution exposure, indicated by an increase in ĪRT values (a: red line). In contrast, performance improved after clean air exposure, reflected by a decrease in ĪRT (a: blue line). This interaction was statistically significant, as determined by a repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons [F(1, 25)Ā = 6.446, pĀ = 0.018]. Inhalation pathway did not mediate any changes in selective attention performance (b), as no significant three-way interaction was identified using a repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections [F(1, 25) = 0.526, pĀ = 0.475]. n = 26 independent human participants (biological replicates), within a fully repeated measures design. a Data are presented as mean values +/- SEM; (b) Median represented by the horizontal line, box indicates interquartile range (25th-75th percentiles), whiskers show full data range between minimum and maximum; white circles indicate individual data points; black diamonds indicate condition means; *p < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
