Table 1 The baseline clinical characteristics of patients

DeBakey

0.299

I

364

72.95%

169

69.26%

II

135

27.05%

75

30.74%

Age(years)

60.09

7.64

54.99

2.54

<0.001

BMI

26.78

3.14

25.03

3.31

0.001

Sex

0.096

Male

319

63.93%

171

70.08%

Female

180

36.07%

73

29.92%

Race(Asian)

499

100.00%

244

100.00%

/

Education level

0.532

Master degree or above

4

0.80%

0

0.00%

Undergraduate course

56

11.22%

24

9.84%

Junior college

106

21.24%

58

23.77%

Secondary and high schools

146

29.26%

66

27.05%

Junior high school and below

187

37.47%

96

39.34%

History of smoking

0.159

One cigarette a few days

13

2.61%

6

2.46%

One cigarette a day

15

3.01%

8

3.28%

2–3 cigarettes a day

20

4.01%

9

3.69%

4-10 cigarettes a day

35

7.01%

15

6.15%

10-20 cigarettes a day

231

46.29%

106

43.44%

More than 20 cigarettes a day

51

10.22%

22

9.02%

History of alcohol intake

170

34.07%

88

36.07%

0.592

Hypertension

414

82.97%

210

86.07%

0.267

Diabetes

56

11.22%

21

8.61%

0.254

Chronic kidney diseases

81

16.23%

22

9.02%

0.007

Peripheral vascular diseases

45

9.02%

11

4.51%

0.037

Cerebrovascular diseases

59

11.82%

8

3.28%

<0.001

LVEF

52.85

5.97

53.15

6.1

0.527

Marfan syndrome

34

6.81%

7

2.87%

<0.001

Malperfusion syndrome

88

17.64%

47

19.26%

0.613

Brain

12

2.40%

5

2.05%

Coronary artery

16

3.21%

9

3.69%

Renal

23

4.61%

10

4.10%

Superior mesenteric artery

2

0.40%

2

0.82%

Lower extremity

35

7.01%

21

8.61%

Coronary Artery Stenosis

0.477

Moderate(50–70%)

18

3.61%

6

2.46%

Severe(>70%)

17

3.41%

9

3.69%

Aortic regurgitation

<0.001

No or Mild

82

16.43%

137

56.15%

Moderate

219

43.89%

82

33.61%

Severe

198

39.68%

25

10.25%

Aortic root diameter(mm)

44.47

4.48

42.52

4.52

<0.001

Bicuspid aortic valve

65

13.03%

37

15.16%

0.001

Moderate/severe pericardial effusion

101

20.24%

48

19.67%

0.856

Preoperative shock(systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg)

34

6.81%

14

5.74%

0.636

Operatig Time(min)

306.89

70.38

315.76

63.58

0.097

CPBT(min)

181.59

45.05

186.96

43.27

0.122

ACC (min)

117.56

18.21

123.88

18.68

<0.001

Concomitant procedures

Partial aortic arch replacement

123

24.65%

70

28.69%

0.248

Complete aortic arch replacement

326

65.33%

164

67.21%

0.611

CABG

15

3.01%

9

3.69%

0.661

TVP

14

2.81%

12

4.92%

0.235

MVP

17

3.41%

13

5.33%

0.143

Blood transfusion

Erythrocytes (U)

4.17

2.19

3.88

2.01

0.084

Cryoprecipitate (U)

0.57

0.47

0.56

0.46

0.914

Plasma (U)

556.99

341.26

596.31

350.44

0.144

Neurological deficits

73

14.63%

30

12.30%

0.43

Renal insufficiency

133

26.65%

59

24.18%

0.532

Low cardiac output syndrome

12

2.40%

10

4.10%

0.249

Tracheostomy

77

15.43%

39

15.98%

0.831

Sepsis

67

13.43%

28

11.48%

0.485

Hepatic dysfunction

115

23.05%

58

23.77%

0.854

Respiratory dysfunction

39

7.82%

17

6.97%

0.768

Reintubation

32

6.41%

13

5.33%

0.626

Stroke

19

3.81%

8

3.28%

0.717

Endocarditis

11

2.20%

6

2.46%

0.827

Reintervention for

70

14.03%

41

16.80%

0.319

Spontaneous hemorrhage

10

2.00%

10

4.10%

Distal anastomotic fistula

9

1.80%

2

0.82%

Endocarditis

36

7.21%

3

1.23%

Aortic regurgitation(Moderate or Severe)

12

2.40%

18

7.38%

Aortic stenosis(Moderate or Severe)

0

0.00%

2

0.82%

Recurrent aortic dissection

3

0.60%

6

2.46%

ICU stay (days)

9.29

10.50

8.84

9.84

0.595

Hospitalization time (day)

20.68

9.84

19.52

9.73

0.129

In-hospital mortality

38

7.62%

26

10.66%

0.165

Overall mortality

152

30.46%

62

25.41%

0.093