Fig. 4: The design and fabrication of the blood clot bionic gel (BCgel).

A The 3D structure of the interaction between Itgb1 and fibrin, as predicted by Alpha Fold. B The binding interface and Gibbs free energy of the two interactions: Itgb1 and fibrin (upper panel); Itgb1 and BCgel monomer (lower panel). C The binding between Itgb1 and fibrin/BCgel monomer was quantified by performing Fluorescence Polarization (FP) analysis using FITC-labeled fibrin or BCgel monomer mixed with isodiluted Itgb1. (n = 3 independent replicates, means ± SD). D The synthetic BCgel monomer was identified through LC-MS analysis. E The G’ storage modulus and G” loss modulus of BCgel were measured at various concentrations using a rotational rheometer with low-frequency rotation below 4 Hz. F Schematic diagram illustrating a high throughput screening system for determining the optimal proportion of BCgel monomer and Ca²⁺ ions through measurement of Alp activity. G, H The heat map (G) and curve graph (H) depict the Alp activity results obtained from screening using the (F) method. (n = 3 independent replicates, means ± SD). I Photos of the BCgel with 1.5% or 3% monomer concentration and 0.1 mg/mL Ca²⁺ ions. J Contact angle measurement of BCgel with 3% monomer concentration and 0.1 mg/mL Ca²⁺ ions. K The G’ storage modulus and G” loss modulus of BCgel were measured using a rotational rheometer. L SEM and TEM image of BCgel. (M&N) CLSM analysis (M) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis (N) of BCgel incubation with MSCs. (n = 3 independent replicates).